{"id":7910841,"date":"2026-08-21T12:25:58","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/anbaa-tounes\/?p=7910841"},"modified":"2026-08-21T12:27:57","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T11:27:57","slug":"%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-1431-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-1867","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/anbaa-tounes\/2026\/08\/21\/%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%91%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-1431-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-1867\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1431 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1867"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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\u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 (1431-1557)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (1431-1867).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645 27 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1934 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0631 \u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a (1934-2025). \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0634\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0631\u0651\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1956. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1960 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u064a\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 1961 \u0648 1965\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1988\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 1988 \u0648 1989)\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0629 (\u0628\u064a\u06461989 \u0648 1990).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1989 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1994.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1990 \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a 9 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1992 \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 17 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u06311999 . \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1999 \u0648 2005.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 13 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627… (\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645) \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064e\u0632\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0648\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0629 1965.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/strong> (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1968.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0632\u0646\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong> (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0632 \u0623\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 1973.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1977.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1979.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c<\/strong> \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1980.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. \u0639\u064e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u060c<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 1982.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> (\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2010\u060c 252 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/strong>\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2015\u060c 470 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0630\u0651 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a: \u0623\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c<\/strong> \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0648\u0634 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2016\u060c 202 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 2024\u060c 222 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. . \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0642 (\u0634\u0639\u0631)\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. . \u0638\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0651\u062e\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064a (\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645)\u060c<\/strong> \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c 2025\u060c 254 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062b\u0651\u0642 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1431 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1867\u00bb\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0651\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 (\u0628\u064a\u0646 1535 \u0648 1557)\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064f\u0631\u064e\u0631\u064d \u0648\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 (\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629…) \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0631 (\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064f\u062c\u062c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629… \u0627\u0644\u062e)\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0642\u062f \u00ab\u0634\u063a\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    *<\/strong> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u0629.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1431 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1867\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":7910933,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7910841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1431 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1867 - \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0645 \u00ab\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0651 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1431 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1867\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0627\u0628\u0651\u064a.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/anbaa-tounes\/2026\/08\/21\/\u0641\u064a-\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629-\u0645\u0646-1431-\u0625\u0644\u0649-1867\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0646 1431 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1867 - \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0627 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