{"id":13668727,"date":"2024-08-01T07:15:14","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T06:15:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=13668727"},"modified":"2024-08-01T07:15:16","modified_gmt":"2024-08-01T06:15:16","slug":"la-gestion-de-leau-en-tunisie-une-urgence-nationale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2024\/08\/01\/la-gestion-de-leau-en-tunisie-une-urgence-nationale\/","title":{"rendered":"La gestion de l\u2019eau en Tunisie : une urgence nationale"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La Tunisie conna\u00eet depuis plusieurs ann\u00e9es de nombreux \u00e9pisodes de s\u00e9cheresse, une situation qui ne risque pas de s\u2019am\u00e9liorer avec le r\u00e9chauffement climatique et la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures pr\u00e9vues pour les prochaines ann\u00e9es. L\u2019eau \u00e9tant la base de la vie et notre population ne cessant de cro\u00eetre, le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019eau doit \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9 de la mani\u00e8re la plus urgente possible. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une urgence nationale.<\/em><\/strong> (Illustration : Corv\u00e9e de l’eau en Tunisie. Ph. Amine Landoulsi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr\u00a0Wassim Chatty\u00a0<\/strong>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Nos ressources souterraines s\u2019\u00e9puisent jour apr\u00e8s jour, et les barrages, au deux tiers vides faute de pluies suffisantes, n\u2019aident pas. La situation est critique et n\u00e9cessite des mesures imm\u00e9diates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solutions \u00e0 court terme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Restrictions d\u2019eau:<\/em><\/strong> mise en place de restrictions strictes sur l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019eau potable; et de lourdes amendes et de peines d\u2019emprisonnement s\u2019il le faut pour usage irresponsable de l\u2019eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. R\u00e9partition \u00e9quitable de l\u2019eau<\/em><\/strong>: priorisation de l\u2019agriculture et de la consommation locale au d\u00e9triment de l\u2019eau fournie aux h\u00f4tels; et obligation pour les piscines des h\u00f4tels d\u2019utiliser de l\u2019eau de mer trait\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Traitement des eaux us\u00e9es:<\/em><\/strong> investir dans des technologies de traitement et de purification des eaux us\u00e9es pour leur r\u00e9utilisation dans l\u2019agriculture. La Tunisie ne fait pas assez dans ce domaine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solutions \u00e0 moyen et long terme:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La Tunisie dispose de plus de 1400 km de littoral et de 16 usines de dessalement de l\u2019eau de mer fonctionnelles ou en construction fournissant pour le moment 6% de la consommation d\u2019eau douce. Cependant, cela reste insuffisant face aux besoins croissants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Expansion des usines de dessalement<\/em><\/strong> : augmenter le nombre de projets d\u2019usines de dessalement pour pr\u00e9venir les futures s\u00e9cheresses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. R\u00e9duction des co\u00fbts \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques<\/em><\/strong> : les usines de dessalement sont co\u00fbteuses et \u00e9nergivores. La Tunisie doit renforcer la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans son mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique pour subvenir \u00e0 ses besoins en \u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9nergies renouvelables pour alimenter les usines<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1- Panneaux solaires :<\/em><\/strong> la Tunisie dispose d\u2019un d\u00e9sert de 400 km de long sur 140 km de large, id\u00e9al pour l\u2019installation de panneaux solaires. Beaucoup de projets ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s et d\u2019autres sont en cours, mais \u00e7a reste encore insuffisant.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selon Elon Musk, une centrale solaire de 160 km x160 km pourrait alimenter les besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques des \u00c9tats-Unis. La Tunisie pourrait envisager une centrale de 10 kmx10 km pour couvrir ses besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques. Le co\u00fbt doit \u00eatre tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour ses moyens d\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, mais la coop\u00e9ration internationale peut l\u2019y aider.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Coop\u00e9ration internationale:<\/em><\/strong> l\u2019Europe, situ\u00e9e \u00e0 une centaine de kilom\u00e8tres seulement des c\u00f4tes tunisiennes, a un besoin croissant en \u00e9nergies renouvelables. La Tunisie pourrait r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ses besoins en \u00e9change de financements pour ses projets solaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Par ailleurs, une zone de 110 kmx110 km dans le Sahara pourrait potentiellement alimenter toute l\u2019Europe en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, stock\u00e9e dans des batteries et achemin\u00e9e via la technologie HVDC (courant continu haute tension).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Financement des projets\u00a0:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le financement de ces projets peut provenir de diverses sources :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Investissements europ\u00e9ens dans les projets solaires en \u00e9change d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 au prix co\u00fbtant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Encouragement des partenariats entre le gouvernement tunisien et les entreprises priv\u00e9es pour financer et d\u00e9velopper les infrastructures n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Solliciter des pr\u00eats aupr\u00e8s d\u2019institutions internationales telles que la Banque mondiale et des subventions de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La gestion de l\u2019eau en Tunisie \u00e9tant une priorit\u00e9 absolue, en mettant en place des solutions \u00e0 court terme, telles que les restrictions d\u2019eau et la r\u00e9utilisation des eaux us\u00e9es, et en investissant dans des projets \u00e0 moyen et long terme de dessalement de l\u2019eau de mer et d\u2019\u00e9nergies renouvelables, la Tunisie peut non seulement surmonter la crise de l\u2019eau, mais aussi devenir un mod\u00e8le de durabilit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9silience face au changement climatique. Elle est d\u00e9j\u00e0 engag\u00e9e dans cette voie, mais le processus engag\u00e9 reste tr\u00e8s lent et tr\u00e8s en-de\u00e7\u00e0 des besoins actuels du pays. D\u2019o\u00f9 la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration qui demande d\u2019\u00e9normes ressources financi\u00e8res mais \u00e9galement une grande imagination, car l\u2019argent existe pour qui sait o\u00f9 le trouver.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

* M\u00e9decin r\u00e9sident, chirurgien\u00a0orthop\u00e9diste.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le probl\u00e8me de l\u2019eau en Tunisie doit \u00eatre g\u00e9r\u00e9 de la mani\u00e8re la plus urgente possible. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":6040924,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,995,1000,2433],"tags":[22762,117238,294,80093,5640,71655,15272,62643,937],"class_list":["post-13668727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie","category-tribune","category-tunisie","tag-dessalement-de-leau-de-mer","tag-dr-wassim-chatty-2","tag-eau","tag-eaux-usees","tag-energies-renouvelables","tag-rechauffement-climatique","tag-secheresse","tag-tunisie","tag-union-europeenne"],"yoast_head":"\nLa gestion de l\u2019eau en Tunisie : une urgence nationale - Kapitalis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2024\/08\/01\/la-gestion-de-leau-en-tunisie-une-urgence-nationale\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La gestion de l\u2019eau en Tunisie : une urgence nationale - 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