{"id":15433059,"date":"2025-02-06T12:56:14","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T11:56:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=15433059"},"modified":"2025-02-06T12:56:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-06T11:56:16","slug":"tunisie-chokri-belaid-une-legende-collective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2025\/02\/06\/tunisie-chokri-belaid-une-legende-collective\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunisie\u00a0: Chokri Bela\u00efd, une l\u00e9gende collective"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019assassinat d\u2019un leader politique d\u00e9passe toujours la simple disparition physique. Il s\u2019inscrit dans un cycle o\u00f9 l\u2019individu devient un symbole et o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement imm\u00e9diat s\u2019int\u00e8gre dans une recomposition politique et psychologique plus large. En Tunisie, la m\u00e9moire de Chokri Bela\u00efd illustre parfaitement cette dynamique: loin de marquer la fin de son combat, sa mort l\u2019a cristallis\u00e9 dans la conscience collective.\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Manel Albouchi * <\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

La disparition d\u2019un dirigeant politique ne signifie jamais une fin d\u00e9finitive. Elle op\u00e8re un glissement de l\u2019individu vers l\u2019imaginaire collectif, o\u00f9 il cesse d\u2019\u00eatre un acteur politique pour devenir une figure mythifi\u00e9e. Ce processus repose sur un m\u00e9canisme psychologique central : la sublimation du traumatisme en un moteur de mobilisation. Le deuil devient une force structurante, transformant la perte en un point de ralliement \u00e9motionnel et id\u00e9ologique. <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019histoire r\u00e9cente nous offre des exemples frappants de cette dynamique. L\u2019assassinat de Chokri Bela\u00efd, le 6 f\u00e9vrier 2013, a provoqu\u00e9 une onde de choc qui a transcend\u00e9 son propre combat. Devenu martyr de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, son image est aujourd\u2019hui indissociable de la lutte d\u00e9mocratique. Sa mort n\u2019a pas affaibli ses id\u00e9aux, elle les a au contraire fig\u00e9s dans la m\u00e9moire nationale, rendant impossible toute tentative d\u2019oubli. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre psychologie collective et strat\u00e9gie politique  <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans l\u2019histoire des conflits et des r\u00e9volutions, l\u2019\u00e9limination d\u2019un leader ne marque jamais la fin d\u2019un mouvement. La psychologie des foules, telle que d\u00e9crite par Gustave Le Bon, d\u00e9montre que lorsqu\u2019un individu devient un symbole, il \u00e9chappe \u00e0 la temporalit\u00e9 de sa propre vie pour s\u2019ancrer dans une l\u00e9gende collective. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

La force d\u2019une id\u00e9ologie r\u00e9side dans sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 masquer les rapports de force sous des \u00e9vidences.<\/em> C\u2019est exactement ce qui se joue ici : la mort d\u2019un leader n\u2019est pas seulement un fait politique, elle est transform\u00e9e en un r\u00e9cit qui d\u00e9passe la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 factuelle pour s\u2019imposer comme une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 symbolique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est dans cette logique que s\u2019inscrivent les fun\u00e9railles d\u2019\u00c9tat et les c\u00e9r\u00e9monies de deuil collectif. Loin d\u2019\u00eatre de simples hommages, elles deviennent des rituels de recomposition sociale et politique. On l\u2019a vu avec les obs\u00e8ques de la princesse Diana, qui, en quelques jours, est pass\u00e9e de figure controvers\u00e9e \u00e0 une ic\u00f4ne ind\u00e9tr\u00f4nable du patrimoine britannique. Sa disparition a effac\u00e9 les critiques pour figer son image dans une perfection id\u00e9alis\u00e9e. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Tunisie, le m\u00eame ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne s\u2019est produit avec la mort de B\u00e9ji Ca\u00efd Essebsi. Pr\u00e9sident contest\u00e9 durant son mandat, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lev\u00e9 au rang de \u00abp\u00e8re de la transition\u00bb<\/em> \u00e0 travers un c\u00e9r\u00e9monial d\u2019\u00c9tat soigneusement orchestr\u00e9. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quand une mort devient un d\u00e9but <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Percevoir un assassinat politique comme une victoire d\u00e9finitive est une erreur strat\u00e9gique et psychologique. L\u2019histoire fonctionne par cycles, o\u00f9 chaque disparition entra\u00eene une r\u00e9organisation plut\u00f4t qu\u2019une extinction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019assassinat de Mohamed Brahmi, le 25 juillet 2013, en Tunisie, tout comme celui de Chokri Bela\u00efd, a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 une pression politique qui a men\u00e9 \u00e0 des ajustements structurels profonds, notamment la mise en place d\u2019un gouvernement technocratique pour calmer les tensions. De m\u00eame, au Liban, la disparition violente de figures politiques, comme Rafiq Hariri, n\u2019efface jamais les structures du pouvoir : elle les redistribue, les transforme et parfois m\u00eame les renforce. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le r\u00e9el est relationnel : il n\u2019existe que dans et par les rapports sociaux (Bourdieu). Une mort politique n\u2019est donc jamais isol\u00e9e. Elle s\u2019ins\u00e8re dans un jeu de forces o\u00f9 le vide laiss\u00e9 est imm\u00e9diatement combl\u00e9 par une reconfiguration des alliances et des antagonismes.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lorsqu\u2019un leader dispara\u00eet brutalement, il y a un instant de suspension, un temps o\u00f9 tout semble fig\u00e9. Mais cet instant est un leurre : c\u2019est l\u2019\u0153il du cyclone, un moment de calme trompeur avant la temp\u00eate. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En Tunisie comme au Liban, les assassinats politiques n\u2019ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 de simples \u00e9v\u00e9nements : ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 des d\u00e9clencheurs de transformations profondes. La m\u00e9moire de Chokri Bela\u00efd et de Mohamed Brahmi continue de hanter la sc\u00e8ne politique, structurant encore aujourd\u2019hui les dynamiques du pouvoir et de l\u2019opposition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019avenir ne d\u00e9pend donc pas seulement de la disparition d\u2019un homme, mais de la gestion \u00e9motionnelle et strat\u00e9gique de cette absence. Les forces en pr\u00e9sence ont toujours deux options : instrumentaliser la perte pour en faire une force consolidatrice ou s\u2019abandonner aux r\u00e9actions impulsives et aux divisions internes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

En fin de compte, un leader politique ne dispara\u00eet jamais totalement. Il devient une figure mall\u00e9able dont l\u2019h\u00e9ritage \u00e9volue au gr\u00e9 des enjeux contemporains. Comme l\u2019a montr\u00e9 l\u2019histoire tunisienne, la m\u00e9moire d\u2019un homme peut devenir une arme, une inspiration ou un pr\u00e9texte, mais elle ne s\u2019efface jamais vraiment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Psychologue, psychanalyste.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’assassinat de Chokri Bela\u00efd, loin de marquer la fin de son combat, l\u2019a cristallis\u00e9 dans la conscience collective.\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":15433075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,1000,2433],"tags":[9282,1108,80570,8563,120262,625,118163,62643],"class_list":["post-15433059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-tribune","category-tunisie","tag-assassinats-politiques","tag-beji-caid-essebsi","tag-chokri-belaid-2","tag-liban","tag-manel-albouchi","tag-mohamed-brahmi","tag-rafiq-hariri","tag-tunisie"],"yoast_head":"\nTunisie\u00a0: Chokri Bela\u00efd, une l\u00e9gende collective - Kapitalis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2025\/02\/06\/tunisie-chokri-belaid-une-legende-collective\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunisie\u00a0: Chokri Bela\u00efd, une l\u00e9gende collective - 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