{"id":16725582,"date":"2025-06-07T08:14:13","date_gmt":"2025-06-07T07:14:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=16725582"},"modified":"2025-06-07T08:14:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-07T07:14:16","slug":"quand-trump-ressuscite-la-peine-collective-et-quun-juge-tente-de-sauver-le-droit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2025\/06\/07\/quand-trump-ressuscite-la-peine-collective-et-quun-juge-tente-de-sauver-le-droit\/","title":{"rendered":"Quand Trump ressuscite la peine collective \u2014 et qu\u2019un juge tente de sauver le droit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En un seul geste, Donald Trump a ramen\u00e9 la justice am\u00e9ricaine deux si\u00e8cles en arri\u00e8re, en d\u00e9cidant l\u2019expulsion de la femme et des cinq enfants du suspect avant m\u00eame que la justice ne dise son mot sur l\u2019affaire. En cherchant \u00e0 punir \u00abpr\u00e9ventivement\u00bb la famille d\u2019un suspect, sans d\u00e9monstration de leur implication, le chef de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif am\u00e9ricain foule aux pieds un principe fondateur du droit moderne :\u00a0nul ne peut \u00eatre tenu responsable des actes d\u2019autrui.<\/em><\/strong> (Ph. Le suspect Mohamed Sabry Soliman\/ Sa fille a\u00een\u00e9e Habiba Soliman).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khema\u00efs Gharbi <\/strong>*<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Le 1er<\/sup> juin 2025, Mohamed Sabry Soliman, ressortissant \u00e9gyptien de 45 ans, est arr\u00eat\u00e9 au Colorado apr\u00e8s avoir lanc\u00e9 des engins incendiaires sur les participants \u00e0 un rassemblement hebdomadaire en soutien aux otages isra\u00e9liens retenus par le Hamas dans la bande de Gaza. Imm\u00e9diatement qualifi\u00e9 d\u2019\u00abattaque ignoble\u00bb<\/em> par les autorit\u00e9s, l\u2019acte d\u00e9clenche une vague d\u2019indignation. Mais c\u2019est la r\u00e9action des plus hautes sph\u00e8res de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif qui provoque un v\u00e9ritable s\u00e9isme juridique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dans les heures qui suivent, la famille enti\u00e8re de Soliman \u2014 son \u00e9pouse, Hayam Salah Alsaid Ahmed Elgamal, 41 ans, et leurs cinq enfants, est arr\u00eat\u00e9e par les services de l\u2019immigration. Sans qu\u2019aucune charge ne soit retenue contre eux \u00e0 ce stade, l\u2019administration Trump annonce leur expulsion imminente. La Maison Blanche publie m\u00eame sur son compte X un message gla\u00e7ant : \u00abSix allers simples pour la femme et les cinq enfants de Mohamed\u00bb<\/em>. La ministre de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure, Kristi Noem, justifie cette mesure par une enqu\u00eate en cours : \u00abNous voulons savoir ce que sa famille savait de cette attaque et s\u2019ils y ont particip\u00e9.\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mais cette pr\u00e9somption diffuse, sans preuves ni inculpation, ne convainc pas la justice. Le lendemain, un juge f\u00e9d\u00e9ral du Colorado suspend l\u2019expulsion \u00abjusqu\u2019\u00e0 nouvel ordre\u00bb<\/em>, interdisant tout d\u00e9placement des membres de la famille hors de l\u2019\u00c9tat ou des \u00c9tats-Unis, tant qu\u2019un jugement n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 rendu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohamed et Hayam ont 5 enfants, 3 filles et 2 gar\u00e7ons. L’a\u00een\u00e9e, Habiba, \u00e2g\u00e9e de 18 ans, a expliqu\u00e9 que la famille avait d\u00e9m\u00e9nag\u00e9 aux Etats-Unis parce qu\u2019elle ne pouvait pas suivre des \u00e9tudes de m\u00e9decine au Kowe\u00eft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le droit am\u00e9ricain pi\u00e9tin\u00e9 en direct<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Au-del\u00e0 de l\u2019\u00e9motion l\u00e9gitime provoqu\u00e9e par l\u2019attaque, c\u2019est une question fondamentale qui est pos\u00e9e : celle de la responsabilit\u00e9 individuelle. En cherchant \u00e0 punir \u00abpr\u00e9ventivement\u00bb<\/em> la famille d\u2019un suspect, sans d\u00e9monstration de leur implication, l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif am\u00e9ricain foule aux pieds un principe fondateur du droit moderne : nul ne peut \u00eatre tenu responsable des actes d\u2019autrui<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce principe n\u2019est pas une abstraction. Il est l\u2019un des piliers historiques du droit am\u00e9ricain, affirm\u00e9 d\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution de 1776, consolid\u00e9 dans la Constitution de 1787 et le Bill of Rights de 1791. Il marque une rupture avec les pratiques du droit colonial britannique, o\u00f9 les familles pouvaient \u00eatre collectivement punies. Tout au long du XIXe<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, les \u00c9tats-Unis ont renforc\u00e9 ce socle :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 en limitant les peines collectives;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 en exigeant un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable pour chaque accus\u00e9;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 et en ancrant la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale dans les actes individuels, et non dans les appartenances ou les liens familiaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une d\u00e9rive qui inqui\u00e8te jusque dans les rangs r\u00e9publicains<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Si la mesure a suscit\u00e9 les applaudissements des cercles trumpistes les plus radicaux, elle a provoqu\u00e9 malaise et inqui\u00e9tude jusque chez certains juristes conservateurs, attach\u00e9s \u00e0 la tradition constitutionnelle am\u00e9ricaine. Car il ne s\u2019agit pas d\u2019une simple expulsion administrative, mais bien d\u2019un pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent grave : punir une femme et cinq enfants pour un acte qu\u2019ils n\u2019ont, \u00e0 ce jour, ni commis ni aid\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En agissant ainsi, le pr\u00e9sident Trump ne prot\u00e8ge pas le droit am\u00e9ricain : il le tord, le d\u00e9nature, et l\u2019exhibe comme un instrument de vengeance collective, au m\u00e9pris de la justice individualis\u00e9e que les \u00c9tats-Unis ont toujours pr\u00e9tendu incarner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Une d\u00e9cision suspendue, mais pas encore annul\u00e9e <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision conservatoire du juge f\u00e9d\u00e9ral, la famille Soliman reste pour l\u2019heure prot\u00e9g\u00e9e. Mais la menace demeure. Et au-del\u00e0 de ce cas pr\u00e9cis, une question plus large se pose : que reste-t-il de l\u2019\u00c9tat de droit lorsque l\u2019\u00e9motion politique prime sur les principes juridiques ? Que devient la d\u00e9mocratie lorsqu\u2019un tweet peut valoir sentence ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En un seul geste, Donald Trump a ramen\u00e9 la justice am\u00e9ricaine deux si\u00e8cles en arri\u00e8re. Il faudra bien plus que l\u2019intervention d\u2019un juge pour \u00e9viter qu\u2019elle n\u2019y reste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Traducteur et \u00e9crivain.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump ram\u00e8ne la justice am\u00e9ricaine deux si\u00e8cles en arri\u00e8re, en d\u00e9cidant l\u2019expulsion de la femme et des cinq enfants d’un suspect avant m\u00eame que la justice ne dise son mot. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":16725589,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,997,2433],"tags":[9054,2211,75918,2444,122789,2478,64355,88019,122788,122787],"class_list":["post-16725582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-politique","category-tunisie","tag-donald-trump","tag-droit","tag-etats-unis-2","tag-gaza","tag-habiba-soliman","tag-israel","tag-justice","tag-khemais-gharbi","tag-kristi-noem","tag-mohamed-sabry-soliman"],"yoast_head":"\nQuand Trump ressuscite la peine collective \u2014 et qu\u2019un juge tente de sauver le droit - Kapitalis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2025\/06\/07\/quand-trump-ressuscite-la-peine-collective-et-quun-juge-tente-de-sauver-le-droit\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quand Trump ressuscite la peine collective \u2014 et qu\u2019un juge tente de sauver le droit - 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