{"id":18701362,"date":"2026-04-28T08:48:41","date_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=18701362"},"modified":"2026-04-28T08:48:44","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:48:44","slug":"tunisie-a-propos-de-loctroi-de-concessions-denergie-renouvelable-a-des-entreprises-etrangeres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2026\/04\/28\/tunisie-a-propos-de-loctroi-de-concessions-denergie-renouvelable-a-des-entreprises-etrangeres\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunisie | A propos de l\u2019octroi de concessions d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable \u00e0 des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

La Tunisie doit r\u00e9aliser sa transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique mais elle n\u2019a pas les capacit\u00e9s pour financer son plan visant \u00e0 passer la part des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans son mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de 4-5% aujourd\u2019hui \u00e0 35% en 2030. Mais avant d\u2019attribuer des concessions \u00e0 des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res pour la mise en place de centrales solaires photovolta\u00efque ou autres infrastructures de production des \u00e9nergies renouvelables, les autorit\u00e9s tunisiennes doivent faire attention \u00e0 un certain nombre de points cruciaux.<\/em><\/strong> (Photo : Centrale solaire photovolta\u00efque \u00e0 Metbasta, Kairouan).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sami Jallouli<\/strong> *  <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Je n\u2019ai pas encore eu l\u2019occasion d\u2019examiner les projets de loi visant \u00e0 renforcer le secteur des \u00e9nergies renouvelables dans le pays, que la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants examinera aujourd\u2019hui, jeudi 28 avril 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, et par pr\u00e9caution, je recommande six points sur lesquels l\u2019\u00c9tat tunisien devrait s\u2019attacher et ne pas transiger :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Les concessions ne devraient \u00eatre accord\u00e9es qu\u2019\u00e0 la condition que les entreprises tunisiennes soient int\u00e9gr\u00e9es aux cha\u00eenes de valeur, notamment en mati\u00e8re de maintenance, d\u2019installation, de logiciels et de fabrication de certains composants, afin de garantir la cr\u00e9ation de v\u00e9ritables emplois pour la jeunesse tunisienne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. L\u2019investissement urgent dans la modernisation du r\u00e9seau de transport d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 afin de g\u00e9rer les fluctuations de la production et d\u2019\u00e9viter les coupures techniques\u2026 L\u2019investissement dans les r\u00e9seaux intelligents et les batteries permettra \u00e0 la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et du gaz (Steg) de ma\u00eetriser l\u2019\u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019offre et la demande sans d\u00e9pendre d\u2019investisseurs priv\u00e9s\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Le lancement imm\u00e9diat de projets de stockage d\u2019\u00e9nergie, notamment par le biais de batteries de grande capacit\u00e9 ou d\u2019autres technologies, car la v\u00e9ritable souverainet\u00e9 r\u00e9side dans la ma\u00eetrise du stockage, et non seulement de la production\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. La n\u00e9gociation vigoureuse pour garantir que les cr\u00e9dits carbone g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par ces projets restent sous le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat tunisien et ne soient jamais c\u00e9d\u00e9s, afin qu\u2019ils puissent servir \u00e0 soutenir la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 de nos entreprises nationales. Il doit \u00eatre stipul\u00e9 que tous les certificats de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de carbone g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s par le projet sont la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 exclusive de l\u2019\u00c9tat tunisien ou de la Steg, permettant ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat de les vendre ou de les utiliser ult\u00e9rieurement pour r\u00e9gler une partie de sa dette. Y renoncer constituerait une trahison des droits des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Simplifier les proc\u00e9dures permettant aux citoyens, aux usines et aux petites entreprises de produire leur propre \u00e9nergie, afin que la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie ne soit pas monopolis\u00e9e par les grands investisseurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je tiens \u00e9galement \u00e0 souligner un point crucial, souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9 lors de la r\u00e9daction des contrats de concession :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Les contrats de concession internationaux sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de longue dur\u00e9e (20 \u00e0 30 ans) et comportent souvent des clauses obligeant l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 l\u2019arbitrage international en cas de litige ou m\u00eame si la l\u00e9gislation nationale \u00e9volue de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 affecter les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices de l\u2019investisseur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le danger r\u00e9side dans le fait que toute modification de la l\u00e9gislation fiscale ou environnementale pourrait \u00eatre per\u00e7ue par l\u2019investisseur \u00e9tranger comme une expropriation ou une r\u00e9duction de ses b\u00e9n\u00e9fices. Sur cette base, il pourrait intenter une action en justice contre l\u2019\u00c9tat tunisien et r\u00e9clamer des sommes sup\u00e9rieures au budget de projets entiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La juridiction tunisienne doit \u00eatre pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e autant que possible, malgr\u00e9 la difficult\u00e9 d\u2019imposer cette condition au niveau international, ou \u00e0 tout le moins, des clauses devraient \u00eatre incluses garantissant le droit de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer sans que cela soit consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une violation du contrat de concession.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ces investissements \u00e9trangers sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement soumis \u00e0 des accords bilat\u00e9raux de protection des investissements conclus entre l\u2019\u00c9tat tunisien et les pays des investisseurs, ce qui exige une extr\u00eame prudence quant \u00e0 la clause d\u2019arbitrage international.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La jurisprudence en mati\u00e8re de litiges montre que les \u00c9tats obtiennent rarement gain de cause dans les proc\u00e9dures d\u2019arbitrage contre des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res, car ces litiges se soldent souvent par l\u2019imposition de dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats consid\u00e9rables, se chiffrant en dizaines, voire en centaines de millions de dollars. J\u2019insiste donc sur la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d’une extr\u00eame prudence \u00e0 ce niveau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Conseiller juridique.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

La Tunisie doit faire attention \u00e0 certains points cruciaux en attribuant des concessions d’\u00e9nergie renouvelable \u00e0 des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9trang\u00e8res. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":18104156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,995,997,1000,2433],"tags":[71144,128056,2128,39900,128055,126385,3763,62643],"class_list":["post-18701362","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-economie","category-politique","category-tribune","category-tunisie","tag-arbitrage-international","tag-concessions","tag-electricite","tag-energie-renouvelable","tag-entreprises-etrangeres","tag-sami-jallouli","tag-steg","tag-tunisie"],"yoast_head":"\nTunisie | A propos de l\u2019octroi de concessions d\u2019\u00e9nergie renouvelable \u00e0 des entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res - 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