{"id":19295256,"date":"2026-07-23T07:22:26","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T06:22:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=19295256"},"modified":"2026-07-23T07:23:11","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T06:23:11","slug":"tunisie-le-double-abandon-de-la-democratie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2026\/07\/23\/tunisie-le-double-abandon-de-la-democratie\/","title":{"rendered":"Tunisie | Le double abandon de la d\u00e9mocratie"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

L\u2019\u00e9chec de la transition d\u00e9mocratique tunisienne n\u2019est pas seulement celle d\u2019un peuple \u00e9puis\u00e9 par des institutions incapables de nourrir ses esp\u00e9rances. C\u2019est aussi le fruit de son abandon syst\u00e9mique par les d\u00e9mocraties occidentales, dont le cynisme du calcul migratoire le dispute au confort d\u2019un fatalisme culturel.<\/em><\/strong> (Photo : Thomas Ruud, Kais Saied, Ursula von der Leyen et Giorgia Meloni \u00e0 Carthage en juin 2023).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali Guidara<\/strong> *<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Il y a cinq ans, le 25 juillet 2021, lorsque le pr\u00e9sident Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed suspendait le Parlement, limogeait le chef du gouvernement et s\u2019octroyait les pleins pouvoirs, la Tunisie n\u2019a pas bascul\u00e9 dans la consternation. Elle a pouss\u00e9 un soupir de soulagement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, un sondage Emrhod Consulting<\/em> cr\u00e9ditait ces mesures d\u2019un soutien massif de 87 % des Tunisiens. Ce chiffre, aujourd\u2019hui rel\u00e9gu\u00e9 aux oubliettes de l’histoire r\u00e9cente, rappelle une v\u00e9rit\u00e9 inconfortable : l\u2019exp\u00e9rience d\u00e9mocratique amorc\u00e9e en 2011 s\u2019est d\u2019abord effondr\u00e9e de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur. Ce d\u00e9samour initial ne s\u2019est pas construit dans le vide ; il fut le produit d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie d\u2019instabilit\u00e9 gouvernementale, d\u2019une corruption per\u00e7ue comme end\u00e9mique et des th\u00e9\u00e2tres d\u2019ombres d\u2019un Parlement fragment\u00e9 o\u00f9 la posture partisane \u00e9clipsait l\u2019urgence publique. Sur ce terreau d\u2019une \u00e9conomie exsangue, la promesse d\u00e9mocratique a fini par s\u2019assimiler \u00e0 l\u2019impuissance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un record mondial d\u2019abstention<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le provisoire est devenu permanent. Justifi\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019origine par l\u2019article 80 de la Constitution de 2014, le r\u00e9gime d\u2019exception s\u2019est mu\u00e9 en un syst\u00e8me p\u00e9renne, en d\u00e9pit d\u2019une \u00e9rosion spectaculaire de l\u2019adh\u00e9sion populaire. Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum constitutionnel de juillet 2022 n\u2019a mobilis\u00e9 que 27 % des inscrits ; les l\u00e9gislatives suivantes, \u00e0 peine 11 % \u2013 un record mondial d\u2019abstention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u2019est ici que le regard bifurque vers les partenaires occidentaux de Tunis. Comment cet effritement manifeste de la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 populaire a-t-il pu s\u2019accompagner d\u2019une telle absence de position claire et ferme de leur part ? L\u2019argument de l\u2019ignorance ne tient pas. La r\u00e9vocation arbitraire de 57 magistrats en juin 2022 et l\u2019av\u00e8nement d\u2019une Constitution hyper-pr\u00e9sidentielle privant le l\u00e9gislatif de sa substance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s en temps r\u00e9el par les chancelleries. Ce qui a manqu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019Occident n\u2019est pas l’information, mais la volont\u00e9 politique : les capitales europ\u00e9ennes et Washington ont pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 s\u2019en tenir \u00e0 de rituelles expressions d\u2019\u00abinqui\u00e9tude\u00bb <\/em>diplomatique, se gardant bien d\u2019activer le moindre levier concret \u2013 ni conditionnalit\u00e9 de l\u2019aide, ni suspension de coop\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les derniers contre-pouvoirs tunisiens \u2013 syndicats et journalistes \u2013 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 abandonn\u00e9s \u00e0 leur sort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alibi de l\u2019essentialisme et r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ce renoncement occidental s\u2019enracine en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 dans un pr\u00e9jug\u00e9 tenace, presque confortable : l\u2019id\u00e9e re\u00e7ue selon laquelle le monde arabe serait intrins\u00e8quement incompatible avec le pluralisme. Pour beaucoup de d\u00e9cideurs \u00e0 Paris, Bruxelles ou Washington, l\u2019\u00e9chec de la transition tunisienne n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 per\u00e7u comme un drame \u00e0 \u00e9viter, mais comme la confirmation d\u2019une fatalit\u00e9 culturelle. Ce biais essentialiste a servi d\u2019alibi parfait : si la d\u00e9mocratie ne peut pas s\u2019implanter durablement dans la r\u00e9gion, \u00e0 quoi bon la d\u00e9fendre \u00e0 bout de bras ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Affranchi des verrous institutionnels, le pouvoir s\u2019est pourtant heurt\u00e9 \u00e0 la dure r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des chiffres. Prisonni\u00e8re depuis une d\u00e9cennie des rem\u00e8des standardis\u00e9s du FMI, la Tunisie a vu son pouvoir d\u2019achat s\u2019effondrer. Mais lorsqu\u2019un accord de 1,9 milliard de dollars s\u2019est profil\u00e9 en octobre 2022, Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed a pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 le rejeter, fustigeant les \u00abdiktats\u00bb<\/em> de l\u2019\u00e9tranger. Ce refus, s\u2019il a flatt\u00e9 le nationalisme d\u2019une partie de l\u2019opinion, a scell\u00e9 le d\u00e9crochage \u00e9conomique du pays. En \u00e9rigeant la souverainet\u00e9 rh\u00e9torique en absolu, le pouvoir a troqu\u00e9 la soutenabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re contre une l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de posture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette dynamique a trouv\u00e9 par ailleurs un \u00e9cho favorable aupr\u00e8s des autocraties r\u00e9gionales \u2013 \u00c9gypte, Arabie saoudite, \u00c9mirats arabes unis \u2013, ravies de voir expirer le dernier laboratoire issu du Printemps arabe. Certes, les p\u00e9trodollars promis \u00e0 Tunis ne sont jamais venus, le Golfe exigeant le blanc-seing financier du FMI que Sa\u00efed refusait. Mais qu\u2019importe : pour ces r\u00e9gimes, la \u00abstabilit\u00e9\u00bb<\/em> d\u2019un pouvoir fort, m\u00eame imp\u00e9cunieux, restera toujours pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable \u00e0 la contagion d\u2019une transition d\u00e9mocratique r\u00e9ussie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le prisme de Lampedusa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne (UE), de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, a fini par capituler devant ses propres obsessions \u00e9lectorales. Aveugl\u00e9e par la question migratoire, Bruxelles a cess\u00e9 de voir en Tunis un phare d\u00e9mocratique pour n\u2019y chercher qu\u2019un garde-c\u00f4te. Le m\u00e9morandum d\u2019accord du 16 juillet 2023, parrain\u00e9 par Ursula von der Leyen, Giorgia Meloni et Mark Rutte, a act\u00e9 ce grand marchandage. Peu importaient les d\u00e9clarations de Ka\u00efs Sa\u00efed qui, quelques mois plus t\u00f4t, reprenait la rh\u00e9torique complotiste du \u00abgrand remplacement\u00bb<\/em> envers les migrants subsahariens. Malgr\u00e9 le toll\u00e9 et la condamnation d\u2019une commission de l\u2019Onu, l\u2019Europe a choisi de signer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce choix est une profession de foi cynique : il consacre la pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour un ex\u00e9cutif concentr\u00e9 plut\u00f4t que pour des institutions pluralistes, la prime au r\u00e9sultat imm\u00e9diat plut\u00f4t qu\u2019au processus de droit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, l\u2019histoire tunisienne moderne porte en elle un avertissement grav\u00e9 en 2011 : les r\u00e9gimes pr\u00e9tendument garants de la stabilit\u00e9 sur l\u2019autel de la libert\u00e9 sont des colosses aux pieds d\u2019argile. Un pouvoir sans contrepoids s\u2019effondre souvent sous le poids de ses propres contradictions. Et sa chute, dans un paysage politique m\u00e9thodiquement d\u00e9sertifi\u00e9, n\u2019ouvrirait pas la voie \u00e0 une transition ordonn\u00e9e, mais \u00e0 un saut dans l\u2019inconnu \u2013 une onde de choc qui \u00e9branlerait toute la r\u00e9gion et traverserait in\u00e9vitablement la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La trag\u00e9die tunisienne n\u2019est pas seulement celle d\u2019un peuple \u00e9puis\u00e9 par des institutions incapables de nourrir ses esp\u00e9rances. C\u2019est aussi le fruit d\u2019un abandon syst\u00e9mique, o\u00f9 le cynisme d\u2019un calcul migratoire le dispute au confort d’un fatalisme culturel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cautionnant ce renoncement, les d\u00e9mocraties occidentales ont act\u00e9 leur propre faillite morale : l\u2019effondrement durable de leur cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 sur l\u2019universalit\u00e9 des droits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* Docteur en politiques publiques.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u2019\u00e9chec de la transition d\u00e9mocratique tunisienne est \u00e9galement d\u00fb \u00e0 son abandon syst\u00e9mique par les d\u00e9mocraties occidentales. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":8333503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,997,1000,2433],"tags":[129399,129398,388,103508,70520,76012,109315,3236,62643,937,90832],"class_list":["post-19295256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-politique","category-tribune","category-tunisie","tag-25-juillet-2026","tag-democraties-occidentales","tag-fmi","tag-giorgia-meloni","tag-kais-saied-3","tag-kais-saied-2","tag-thomas-ruud","tag-transition-democratique","tag-tunisie","tag-union-europeenne","tag-ursula-von-der-leyen"],"yoast_head":"\nTunisie | Le double abandon de la d\u00e9mocratie - Kapitalis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9chec de la transition d\u00e9mocratique tunisienne est \u00e9galement d\u00fb \u00e0 son abandon syst\u00e9mique par les d\u00e9mocraties occidentales.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2026\/07\/23\/tunisie-le-double-abandon-de-la-democratie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tunisie | Le double abandon de la d\u00e9mocratie - 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