{"id":19786617,"date":"2026-10-12T11:40:09","date_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:40:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=19786617"},"modified":"2026-10-12T11:40:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-12T10:40:12","slug":"a-marseille-bourguiba-face-aux-contradictions-de-son-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2026\/10\/12\/a-marseille-bourguiba-face-aux-contradictions-de-son-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c0 Marseille, Bourguiba face aux contradictions de son h\u00e9ritage"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Au palais du Pharo, le 9 octobre 2026, un colloque international a interrog\u00e9 une figure centrale de l\u2019histoire tunisienne : Habib Bourguiba, militant anticolonial emprisonn\u00e9 \u00e0 Marseille, devenu pr\u00e9sident d\u2019un \u00c9tat ind\u00e9pendant o\u00f9 la r\u00e9pression a aussi marqu\u00e9 l\u2019exercice du pouvoir. Pr\u00e9sents l\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi, nous avons suivi les \u00e9changes consacr\u00e9s \u00e0 cette tension entre \u00e9mancipation et autorit\u00e9, au c\u0153ur des d\u00e9bats sur la m\u00e9moire bourguibienne.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Djamal Guettala<\/strong>, Marseille.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le lieu donnait \u00e0 la rencontre une r\u00e9sonance particuli\u00e8re. Au palais du Pharo, \u00e0 quelques pas du Fort Saint-Nicolas o\u00f9 Habib Bourguiba fut d\u00e9tenu entre 1940 et 1942, l\u2019histoire n\u2019\u00e9tait pas seulement \u00e9voqu\u00e9e \u00e0 distance : elle s\u2019inscrivait dans la g\u00e9ographie m\u00eame de Marseille. Organis\u00e9 par La Citadelle et l\u2019Iremam, le colloque intitul\u00e9 <em>\u00abBourguiba, leader anticolonial, prisonnier au Fort Saint-Nicolas, 1940-1942\u00bb<\/em> proposait de reprendre cette histoire \u00e0 partir d\u2019une question moins consensuelle que le r\u00e9cit du combattant de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance : comment comprendre l\u2019h\u00e9ritage d\u2019un homme qui fut victime de l\u2019enfermement colonial avant d\u2019incarner un pouvoir autoritaire, qui n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 enfermer ses opposants ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019apr\u00e8s-midi, les d\u00e9bats auxquels nous avons assist\u00e9 ont plac\u00e9 cette contradiction au centre des \u00e9changes. Le troisi\u00e8me panel, consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 Bourguiba comme <em>\u00ab\u00e9mancipateur, autocrate ?\u00bb<\/em>, a interrog\u00e9 la construction de son leadership. L\u2019enfermement, th\u00e8me r\u00e9current de la journ\u00e9e, ne renvoyait plus seulement \u00e0 une exp\u00e9rience subie sous la domination coloniale. Il devenait aussi une cl\u00e9 pour comprendre la formation d\u2019une figure politique, son autorit\u00e9 et la place qu\u2019elle allait occuper dans l\u2019histoire tunisienne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0152<\/strong>uvre d\u2019\u00e9mancipation et pratiques de pouvoir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La discussion a ensuite d\u00e9plac\u00e9 la question vers le pr\u00e9sent. Que reste-t-il aujourd\u2019hui de Bourguiba et du bourguibisme ? Pos\u00e9e lors du d\u00e9bat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, cette interrogation engage bien davantage qu\u2019un bilan historique. Elle oblige \u00e0 distinguer l\u2019\u0153uvre d\u2019\u00e9mancipation associ\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance et aux transformations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tunisienne des pratiques de pouvoir qui ont accompagn\u00e9 la construction de l\u2019\u00c9tat. L\u2019enjeu n\u2019est ni de sanctifier le <em>\u00abCombattant supr\u00eame\u00bb<\/em>, ni de r\u00e9duire son parcours \u00e0 l\u2019autoritarisme, mais de tenir ensemble ces dimensions sans que l\u2019une efface l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette tension \u00e9claire \u00e9galement la place de Bourguiba dans la m\u00e9moire collective. Son nom demeure attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 nationale et \u00e0 la fondation de la Tunisie ind\u00e9pendante. Mais la m\u00e9moire d\u2019un dirigeant ne peut se limiter aux acquis qui lui sont attribu\u00e9s : elle doit aussi examiner les m\u00e9canismes de r\u00e9pression, les rapports aux oppositions et les limites impos\u00e9es au pluralisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed alignleft is-type-wp-embed is-provider-kapitalis wp-block-embed-kapitalis\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"wtqL5FrJms\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2026\/09\/20\/colloque-a-marseille-habib-bourguiba-prisonnier-au-fort-saint-nicolas\/\">Colloque \u00e0 Marseille | Habib Bourguiba, prisonnier au Fort Saint-Nicolas \u00a0<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u00ab\u00a0Colloque \u00e0 Marseille | Habib Bourguiba, prisonnier au Fort Saint-Nicolas \u00a0\u00a0\u00bb \u2014 Kapitalis\" src=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2026\/09\/20\/colloque-a-marseille-habib-bourguiba-prisonnier-au-fort-saint-nicolas\/embed\/#?secret=99PYYV7vZz#?secret=wtqL5FrJms\" data-secret=\"wtqL5FrJms\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le colloque a ainsi inscrit le d\u00e9bat historique dans une interrogation politique toujours actuelle, sans confondre les contextes ni r\u00e9duire la complexit\u00e9 d\u2019un parcours \u00e0 une formule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Au terme des \u00e9changes, Vincent Geisser, directeur de l\u2019Iremam, a soulign\u00e9 dans un message adress\u00e9 aux participants la richesse intellectuelle de la rencontre, l\u2019intensit\u00e9 des discussions et leur port\u00e9e humaine. Il a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 deux prolongements envisag\u00e9s : la valorisation des archives film\u00e9es des communications et des d\u00e9bats, puis la pr\u00e9paration d\u2019une publication collective compos\u00e9e de textes courts, accessibles \u00e0 un large lectorat, notamment aux jeunes g\u00e9n\u00e9rations des deux rives de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un h\u00e9ritage examin\u00e9 dans ses contradictions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le choix du Fort Saint-Nicolas comme point d\u2019ancrage de cette r\u00e9flexion donne \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise sa port\u00e9e singuli\u00e8re. Un lieu associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019emprisonnement d\u2019un dirigeant anticolonial devient le point de d\u00e9part d\u2019une interrogation sur les usages du pouvoir apr\u00e8s l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance. \u00c0 Marseille, Bourguiba n\u2019a donc pas \u00e9t\u00e9 abord\u00e9 comme une figure fig\u00e9e dans la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration ou la condamnation, mais comme un h\u00e9ritage \u00e0 examiner dans ses contradictions. C\u2019est \u00e0 cette condition que l\u2019histoire cesse d\u2019\u00eatre un r\u00e9cit officiel pour redevenir une question adress\u00e9e au pr\u00e9sent.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Un colloque \u00e0 Marseille a interrog\u00e9 une figure centrale de l\u2019histoire tunisienne : Bourguiba, militant anticolonial devenu pr\u00e9sident autoritaire. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":19786672,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,994,997,2433],"tags":[77312,130211,2358,4299,580],"class_list":["post-19786617","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-culture","category-politique","category-tunisie","tag-autoritarisme","tag-fort-saint-nicolas","tag-habib-bourguiba","tag-leadership","tag-marseille"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u00c0 Marseille, Bourguiba face aux contradictions de son h\u00e9ritage - 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