{"id":41059,"date":"2016-02-24T16:36:33","date_gmt":"2016-02-24T15:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/?p=41059"},"modified":"2016-02-24T16:36:33","modified_gmt":"2016-02-24T15:36:33","slug":"le-poids-de-leconomie-informelle-en-tunisie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2016\/02\/24\/le-poids-de-leconomie-informelle-en-tunisie\/","title":{"rendered":"Le poids de l’\u00e9conomie informelle en Tunisie"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Contrebande-Douane\"<\/p>\n

Si elle parvenait \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale estim\u00e9e 12,4 milliards de dinars par an (+40% du budget de l’Etat), la Tunisie n’aurait plus besoin d’emprunts ext\u00e9rieurs.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Par Ezzeddine Ben Hamida<\/strong>*<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

On parle beaucoup en ce moment de l\u2019\u00e9conomie informelle ou, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, de la contrebande, sans d\u00e9finir pour autant les vrais contours de cette pratique destructrice de l\u2019\u00e9conomie nationale. Pour la clart\u00e9 du sujet, il convient donc de commencer par d\u00e9terminer les diff\u00e9rentes formes de cette \u00e9conomie informelle, qui sont au nombre de quatre :<\/p>\n

– des Tunisiens ou des non-Tunisiens en situation irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re (clandestins) travaillent dans des entreprises non d\u00e9clar\u00e9es (clandestines) : il s\u2019agit ici d\u2019une forme de banditisme;<\/p>\n

– des clandestins ou des Tunisiens qui travaillent sans d\u00e9claration dans des entreprises d\u00e9clar\u00e9es;<\/p>\n

– des heures suppl\u00e9mentaires non d\u00e9clar\u00e9es dans des entreprises d\u00e9clar\u00e9es ;<\/p>\n

– une part de la production non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e produite par des entreprises d\u00e9clar\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9conomie informelle cause \u00e0 l’Etat tunisien, chaque ann\u00e9e, un manque de recettes fiscales et de cotisations sociales de pr\u00e8s de 12 milliards de dinars, ce qui repr\u00e9sente plus de 40% du budget de l’Etat.<\/p>\n

D’apr\u00e8s le rapport de la Banque centrale de Tunisie (BCT), les recettes fiscales en 2015 se sont \u00e9lev\u00e9es \u00e0 environ de 20 milliards de dinars (P. 37); ce qui donne un taux de pression fiscale de 22,2% du PIB (P. 25). Au total, le taux des pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements obligatoires (pressions fiscales + cotisations sociales) doit \u00eatre aux alentours de 40% (en France, il est de 43,5%).<\/p>\n

On sait, par ailleurs, d’apr\u00e8s certains rapports d’organisations internationales, que l’\u00e9conomie informelle repr\u00e9sente au minimum 35% du PIB tunisien \u2013 certains parlent m\u00eame de 50% \u2013, soit un peu plus de 31 milliards de dinars. Le manque de recettes fiscales et de cotisations sociales pour l’Etat s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8verait donc \u00e0 31 milliards * 40% = 12,4 milliards.<\/p>\n

On sait aussi que notre d\u00e9ficit budg\u00e9taire pr\u00e9visionnel pour 2016 est de 6,5 milliards et qu\u2019il va \u00eatre combl\u00e9 par des emprunts \u00e0 des conditions tr\u00e8s contraignantes.<\/p>\n

Si, donc, la lutte contre l\u2019\u00e9conomie parall\u00e8le \u00e9tait s\u00e9rieusement men\u00e9e, on aurait pu \u00e9viter de tomber sous l\u2019\u00e9gide des organisations internationales et des puissances pr\u00eateuses, l\u2019endettement est une v\u00e9ritable \u00e9p\u00e9e de Damocl\u00e8s qui menace notre souverainet\u00e9 (Lire notre article \u2018\u2018La charit\u00e9 bien ordonn\u00e9e des pays amis\u2019\u2019<\/em><\/a>).<\/p>\n

La lutte contre ce fl\u00e9au doit \u00eatre impitoyable car avec de telles recettes suppl\u00e9mentaires nous n’aurons plus besoin, selon toute logique, d’emprunter \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur et, mieux encore, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale comblera son d\u00e9ficit. C\u2019est donc une question de volont\u00e9 politique.<\/p>\n

* Professeur de sciences \u00e9conomiques et sociales (Grenoble).<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Si elle parvenait \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale estim\u00e9e 12,4 milliards de dinars par an (+40% du budget de l’Etat), la Tunisie n’aurait plus besoin d’emprunts ext\u00e9rieurs. Par Ezzeddine Ben Hamida*<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":41060,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[992,1000,2433],"tags":[233,8482,1157,1656],"class_list":["post-41059","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-tribune","category-tunisie","tag-contrebande","tag-economie-informelle","tag-evasion-fiscale","tag-recettes-fiscales"],"yoast_head":"\nLe poids de l'\u00e9conomie informelle en Tunisie - Kapitalis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kapitalis.com\/tunisie\/2016\/02\/24\/le-poids-de-leconomie-informelle-en-tunisie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le poids de l'\u00e9conomie informelle en Tunisie - Kapitalis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Si elle parvenait \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9vasion fiscale estim\u00e9e 12,4 milliards de dinars par an (+40% du budget de l’Etat), la Tunisie n’aurait plus besoin d’emprunts ext\u00e9rieurs. 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