La proclamation de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie, il y a 60 ans, est le couronnement d\u2019un long combat men\u00e9 par les forces nationalistes conduites par Habib Bourguiba.<\/strong> <\/em><\/p>\n<\/p>\n
En 1945, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Gaulle propose \u00e0 la Tunisie le statut d\u2019Etat associ\u00e9 au sein de l\u2019Union fran\u00e7aise. Cependant, Bourguiba, de retour au pays en 1949, intensifie sa campagne pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie, en s\u2019appuyant notamment sur l\u2019Union g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des travailleurs tunisiens (UGTT), dirig\u00e9e par Farhat Hached.<\/p>\n
En 1952, la lutte pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance prend un nouveau tour apr\u00e8s les arrestations de Bourguiba et des chefs nationalistes et la dissolution forc\u00e9e du gouvernement Chenik, qui s\u2019est ouvert au N\u00e9o-Destour et a \u00e9labor\u00e9 un m\u00e9morandum sur l\u2019autonomie interne.<\/p>\n
Les ind\u00e9pendantistes prennent les armes contre le colonisateur tandis qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019oppos\u00e9, l\u2019organisation la Main rouge, cr\u00e9\u00e9e par des colons extr\u00e9mistes, lance une campagne terroriste contre les nationalistes, dont l\u2019une des premi\u00e8res victimes est Farhat Hached, assassin\u00e9 en d\u00e9cembre 1952.<\/p>\n
Emeutes populaires antifran\u00e7aises, attentats nationalistes et antinationalistes, tentatives de r\u00e9formes propos\u00e9es par les Fran\u00e7ais se succ\u00e8dent, menant la Tunisie au bord de la guerre. Le 31 juillet 1954, Pierre Mend\u00e8s France, nouveau pr\u00e9sident du Conseil fran\u00e7ais, se rend lui-m\u00eame dans le pays et promet, dans un discours prononc\u00e9 \u00e0 Carthage, l\u2019autonomie interne. Bourguiba, qui est invit\u00e9 \u00e0 participer aux n\u00e9gociations, juge cette d\u00e9claration acceptable et les \u00e9meutes s\u2019arr\u00eatent.<\/p>\n
Le 3 juin 1955, le Premier ministre tunisien Tahar Ben Ammar et le successeur de Mend\u00e8s France, Edgar Faure, signent une s\u00e9rie de conventions consacrant l\u2019autonomie tunisienne. Le 17 septembre, pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 74 ans, est install\u00e9 \u00e0 Tunis un gouvernement compos\u00e9 exclusivement de Tunisiens.<\/p>\n
Le 20 mars 1956, un nouvel accord abroge le trait\u00e9 du Bardo de 1881 et reconna\u00eet la Tunisie comme une monarchie constitutionnelle enti\u00e8rement souveraine. Les premi\u00e8res \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives de l\u2019histoire tunisienne, organis\u00e9es le 25 mars, donnent une large victoire au N\u00e9o-Destour.<\/p>\n
Le 8 avril, Habib Bourguiba est \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident de la premi\u00e8re Assembl\u00e9e nationale tunisienne; le 11 avril, il est nomm\u00e9 Premier ministre.<\/p>\n
L\u2019Assembl\u00e9e adopte une Constitution transf\u00e9rant au peuple tunisien les pouvoirs l\u00e9gislatifs. Le 12 novembre 1956, la Tunisie est admise aux Nations unies.<\/p>\n
Source<\/strong><\/em> : Tap.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"La proclamation de l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de la Tunisie, il y a 60 ans, est le couronnement d\u2019un long combat men\u00e9 par les forces nationalistes conduites par Habib Bourguiba.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":43939,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[997,2433],"tags":[10811,395,2358,2900,656],"class_list":["post-43938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politique","category-tunisie","tag-farhat-hached","tag-france","tag-habib-bourguiba","tag-independance","tag-neo-destour"],"yoast_head":"\n
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<\/p>\n